应用工程

白车身用料分类

白车身并不是只用一种钢。它是由不同强度等级“叠”起来的——门板、前机盖、A/B 柱、座椅支架等等，用料各不相同。下面列举各零件通常使用的材料，以及对应的牌号。

1. 按强度带划分的材料族

十二个材料族覆盖了现代车身几乎所有的冲压件。

材料族	典型牌号	屈服(MPa)	抗拉(MPa)	延伸率 A80（%）	典型用途
Mild steel (MS)	CR1–CR5 · DC01–DC06 · SPCC–SPCG	140–280	270–410	28–44	Body panels, floor, inner panels — best formability, lowest cost
Interstitial-free (IF)	CR180IF – CR240IF	180–240	320–400	31–35	Deep-drawn outer panels with no ageing
Bake-hardening (BH)	CR180BH – CR270BH	180–270	290–460	27–34	Door outer, roof — dent resistance rises after paint bake
HSLA	CR340LA – CR550LA · HX260LAD – HX500LAD	260–550	350–690	13–26	Longitudinal rails, cross members, reinforcements
Dual phase (DP)	CR290Y490T-DP – CR700Y980T-DP	290–700	490–980	10–24	Crash members, B-pillar, bumper beams
Complex phase (CP)	CR570Y780T-CP – CR900Y1180T-CP	570–900	780–1180	8–14	B-pillar, rocker, intrusion beams
TRIP	CR400Y690T-TR · CR450Y780T-TR	400–450	690–780	20–26	Complex-formed structural parts with high energy absorption
Martensitic (MS)	CR860Y1100T-MS – CR1350Y1700T-MS	860–1350	1100–1700	5–8	Door beams, bumper reinforcement
Press-hardened (PHS)	22MnB5 (hot stamped)	1000–1200	1500–2000	5–8	A/B-pillar, rocker, bumper beam — Al-Si coated
Aluminium	5182 · 6016-T4 · 6082-T6	100–280	200–350	10–25	Hood, fender, bumper beam, battery housing
Magnesium	AZ31 · AZ91	—	—	—	Instrument-panel beam, steering-wheel armature
Composites	SMC · GMT · CFRP	—	—	—	Closures and structural inserts in low-volume programmes

2. 零件-材料对照表

按车身区域分组。牌号区间是一级配套厂通常报价的范围；合同值永远以主机厂材料标准为准。

区域	零件	功能	材料族	典型牌号
Front structure
Front structure	Front bumper beam	Low-speed energy absorption	PHS / DP / Al	22MnB5 · DP780 · 6082-T6
Front structure	Front crash box	Crush energy absorption	PHS / Al	22MnB5 · 6082-T6
Front structure	Front longitudinal rail	Frontal crash load path	DP / HSLA	DP590 · DP780 · CR420LA
Front structure	Front rail reinforcement	Local reinforcement	PHS	22MnB5
Front structure	Upper radiator cross member	Front-end frame	HSLA / DP	CR340LA · DP590
Front structure	Lower radiator cross member	Front-end frame	HSLA	CR340LA · CR420LA
Front structure	Shock tower	Suspension mounting	DP / Al	DP590 · 6082-T6
Front structure	Front wheel house	Wheel arch enclosure	Mild / HSLA	DC03 · CR340LA
Front structure	Dash panel (firewall)	Cabin separation	Mild / HSLA	DC04 · CR340LA
Front structure	Dash lower panel	Firewall reinforcement	HSLA	CR340LA · CR420LA
Front structure	Front floor	Cabin load bearing	Mild	DC03 · DC04 · DC05
Front structure	Front splash shield	Mud and water shield	Mild	DC03
Centre structure
Centre structure	A-pillar outer	Side impact and roof crush	PHS	22MnB5
Centre structure	A-pillar inner / reinforcement	A-pillar reinforcement	PHS / DP	22MnB5 · DP780
Centre structure	Roof rail	Upper longitudinal load path	PHS / DP	22MnB5 · DP780
Centre structure	B-pillar outer	Side-impact core	PHS	22MnB5 (1500 / 2000 grade)
Centre structure	B-pillar inner / reinforcement	B-pillar reinforcement	PHS / CP	22MnB5 · CR780Y980T-CP
Centre structure	C-pillar	Rear structure, rear impact	PHS / DP	22MnB5 · DP780
Centre structure	Rocker outer (sill)	Side impact, battery protection	PHS / DP	22MnB5 · DP780 · DP980
Centre structure	Rocker inner / reinforcement	Sill reinforcement	PHS / CP	22MnB5 · CR780Y980T-CP
Centre structure	Floor tunnel	Floor longitudinal reinforcement	DP / HSLA	DP590 · CR420LA
Centre structure	Front seat cross member	Seat mounting	HSLA / DP	CR420LA · DP590
Centre structure	Rear seat cross member	Seat mounting	HSLA / DP	CR420LA · DP590
Centre structure	Floor panel	Cabin load bearing	Mild	DC03 · DC04 · DC05
Centre structure	Body side inner	Body structure	Mild / HSLA	DC03 · CR340LA
Centre structure	Body side outer	Exterior panel	Mild / IF	DC05 · DC06 · CR210IF
Centre structure	Roof panel	Exterior panel	Mild / BH	DC05 · DC06 · CR180BH
Centre structure	Roof bow	Roof crush, panel support	HSLA / DP	CR340LA · DP590
Rear structure
Rear structure	Rear longitudinal rail	Rear crash load path	DP / HSLA	DP590 · DP780 · CR420LA
Rear structure	Rear cross member	Rear structure	HSLA / DP	CR340LA · DP590
Rear structure	Rear wheel house	Wheel arch enclosure	Mild	DC03 · DC04
Rear structure	Rear floor	Luggage compartment	Mild	DC03 · DC04
Rear structure	Rear panel	Rear closure	Mild	DC03 · DC04
Rear structure	Rear bumper beam	Rear impact	PHS / Al	22MnB5 · 6082-T6
Rear structure	Spare wheel well	Spare wheel bay	Mild	DC03 · DC04
Doors
Doors	Door outer panel	Exterior panel	Mild / IF / BH / Al	DC05 · DC06 · CR180BH · 6016-T4
Doors	Door inner panel	Load bearing, attachments	Mild / HSLA	DC04 · CR340LA
Doors	Door intrusion beam	Side-impact protection	PHS / DP	22MnB5 · DP780
Doors	Hinge reinforcement	Hinge mounting	PHS / DP	22MnB5 · DP590
Doors	Latch reinforcement	Latch mounting	PHS / DP	22MnB5 · DP590
Doors	Window guide rail	Glass guidance	HSLA	CR340LA
Doors	Door frame	Door structure	HSLA / DP	CR340LA · DP590
Hood / tailgate / fender
Hood / tailgate / fender	Hood outer	Exterior panel	Mild / Al	DC05 · DC06 · 6016-T4
Hood / tailgate / fender	Hood inner	Structure, pedestrian protection	HSLA / DP	CR340LA · DP590
Hood / tailgate / fender	Hood hinge	Closure connection	HSLA	DP590
Hood / tailgate / fender	Hood latch reinforcement	Latch mounting	HSLA	CR420LA
Hood / tailgate / fender	Tailgate outer	Exterior panel	Mild / Al	DC05 · DC06 · 6016-T4
Hood / tailgate / fender	Tailgate inner	Structure, attachments	HSLA / DP	CR340LA · DP590
Hood / tailgate / fender	Tailgate hinge reinforcement	Hinge mounting	PHS / DP	22MnB5 · DP590
Hood / tailgate / fender	Front fender	Exterior panel	Mild / Al	DC05 · DC06 · 6016-T4
Chassis & EV
Chassis & EV	Front subframe	Chassis mounting	HSLA / Al	DP590 · 6082-T6
Chassis & EV	Rear subframe	Chassis mounting	HSLA / Al	DP590 · 6082-T6
Chassis & EV	Tow hook reinforcement	Towing load	PHS	22MnB5
Chassis & EV	Jack support	Lifting load	HSLA	CR420LA
Chassis & EV	Battery pack lower housing (EV)	Battery load and protection	HSLA / Al	DP780 · 6082-T6
Chassis & EV	Battery pack frame (EV)	Battery protection	PHS / Al	22MnB5 · 6082-T6
Chassis & EV	Dash insulator	NVH	Mild / composite	DC03 · damping laminate
Chassis & EV	Wheel house liner	Protection and NVH	Plastic / mild	PP+EPDM · DC03
Chassis & EV	Front bumper carrier	Bumper support	HSLA / plastic	CR340LA · PP+GF
Chassis & EV	Rear bumper carrier	Bumper support	HSLA / plastic	CR340LA · PP+GF

本表依据公开标准（VDA 239-100、EN 10346、EN 10130、JIS G3141/G3135、ASTM A653）整理，仅供选型参考。具体牌号以各项目主机厂材料标准为准——我们按您的规格报价，不按这张表报价。

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